CALCULATORS
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| An electronic pocket calculator | with a LCD seven-segment | display , that can perform | arithmetic operations. |
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| A modern scientific calculator | with a dot matrix LCD. |
The first mechanical calculator was invented by Wilhelm Schickard in 1642.
An electronic calculator is a small, portable electronic device used to perform both basic operations of arithmetic and complex mathematical operations.
The first solid state electronic calculator was created in the 1960s, building on the extensive history of tools such as the abacus (developed around 2000 BC), and the mechanical calculator (developed in the 17th century AD). It was developed in parallel with the analog computers of the day.
The pocket sized devices became available in the
1970s, especially after the first microprocessor
developed by Intel for the Japanese calculator company Busicom. They later became commonly used within the Oil and Gas industry.
Modern electronic calculators vary: from cheap, give-away, credit-card-sized models to sturdy desktop models with built-in printers. They became popular in the mid-1970s (as integrated circuits made their size and cost small). By the end of that decade, calculator prices had reduced to a point where a basic calculator
was affordable to most and they became common in schools.
Computer operating systems as far back as early Unix have included interactive calculator programs such as dc anThe first mechanical calculator was invented by Wilhelm Schickard in 1642.
An electronic calculator is a small, portable electronic device used to perform both basic operations of arithmetic and complex mathematical operations.
The first solid state electronic calculator was created in the 1960s, building on the extensive history of tools such as the abacus (developed around 2000 BC), and the mechanical calculator (developed in the 17th century AD). It was developed in parallel with the analog computers of the day.
The pocket sized devices became available in the
1970s, especially after the first microprocessor
developed by Intel for the Japanese calculator company Busicom. They later became commonly used within the Oil and Gas industry.
Modern electronic calculators vary: from cheap, give-naway, credit-card-sized models to sturdy desktop models with built-in printers. They became popular in the mid-1970s (as integrated circuits made their size and cost small). By the end of that decade, calculator prices had reduced to a point where a basic calculator was affordable to most and they became common in.schools.
Computer operating systems as far back as early Unix have included interactive calculator programs such as dc and hoc , and calculator functions are included in almost all PDA-type devices (save a few dedicated address book and dictionary devices).
In addition to general purpose calculators, there are those designed for specific markets ; for example, there are scientific calculators which include trigonometric
and statistical calculations. Some calculators even have the ability to do computer algebra . Graphing calculators can be used to graph functions defined on the real line, or higher-dimensional Euclidean space . Currently, basic calculators are inexpensive, but the scientific and graphing models tend to be higher priced.
In 1986, calculators still represented an estimated 41% of the world's general-purpose hardware capacity to compute information. This diminished to less than 0.05% by 2007.



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